The Black population of the United States is growing. In 2019, there were 46.8 one thousand thousand people who cocky-identified every bit Blackness, making upward roughly 14% of the land'due south population. This marks a 29% increase since 2000, when in that location were roughly 36.2 one thousand thousand Black Americans.

Black Americans are diverse. This group consists of people with varied racial and ethnic identities and experiences. The nation'south Black population includes those who say their race is Black, either alone or along with other racial backgrounds. It besides includes Hispanics or Latinos who say their race is Blackness.

This fact sheet is a profile of the demographic, geographic and economic characteristics of the U.S. Black population in 2019. In order to present detailed data about this grouping, charts and analysis well-nigh the Black population are analyzed through the lens of 4 dissimilar demographic groups:

  • U.S. Blackness population (which is inclusive of the following three demographic subgroups):
    • Unmarried-race, non-Hispanic Black people
    • Multiracial, not-Hispanic Black people
    • Blackness Hispanic people

Scroll down or click through the navigation bar on the left to come across various demographic and economical characteristics of the U.S. Blackness population.

Click hither for a downloadable spreadsheet of these findings.

The analysis presented in these fact sheets most the Black population in the United States uses the latest demographic data available. It is based on information from the U.South. Census Bureau's 2019 American Community Survey, provided through the Integrated Public Employ Microdata Serial (IPUMS) from the University of Minnesota.

These fact sheets rely on self-identification of race and ethnicity in the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) to identify the nation's Black population. Even so, an individual's racial and ethnic cocky-identification may not be fixed and instead tin can change over time. In addition, the racial and ethnic categories used by the U.South. Demography Bureau tin change as the way the nation sees itself changes. These changes, in turn, may impact how many people identify as Black (or whatever other race). Meet "What Census Calls Us" for more details on how the racial and ethnic categories have changed throughout the years.

Unless otherwise noted, adults are those who are ages 18 and older.

U.S. Blackness population or total Black population refers to anyone who cocky-identifies equally Black in the United States. This includes those who say their race is only Blackness; those who say Black is ane of 2 or more than races in their groundwork; and those who say they their race is Black, or say that one of their races is Blackness but also indicate they are of Hispanic or Latino or Black origin. The terms Blackness population and Blackness people are used interchangeably in these fact sheets.

The terms single-race Black and Black lonely are used interchangeably throughout these fact sheets to refer to the aforementioned population. This population is made upwards of individuals who self-identify merely as Black and do non identify as Hispanic or Latino.

The term multiracial Black is used to refer to people who cocky-identify as two or more races and do non identify every bit Hispanic or Latino.

The term Black Hispanic is used to refer to those who cocky-identify as Black and Hispanic or Latino, as well as those who self-identify as multiracial Black and Hispanic or Latino.

Foreign born refers to persons born outside of the Usa to parents neither of whom was a U.South. citizen. The terms foreign born and immigrant are used interchangeably in these fact sheets. In these fact sheets, we refer to several generations. These are defined past their nascency years and ages in 2019 as follows:

Generation Nascency years Historic period in 2019
Nether 7 2012-nowadays 0-half-dozen
Generation Z (Gen Z)* 1997-2012 7-22
Millennial 1981-1996 23-38
Generation 10 (Gen X) 1965-1980 39-54
Baby Boomer (Boomer) 1946-1964 55-73
Silent 1928-1945 74-91
Greatest Before 1928 92 and older
* No chronological endpoint has been ready for this group. For this analysis, Generation Z is defined every bit those ages seven to 22 in 2019.

Population growth

There were 46.8 meg people in the U.S. who identified as Black in 2019. The Blackness population has grown by more than 10 million since 2000, when 36.2 million of the U.S. population identified as Black, marking a 29% increase over nearly two decades.

More than iv.half-dozen million Blackness people in the U.S. were built-in outside the state every bit of 2019, significant that 10% of the Black population was foreign born. This is an increase from 2000, when 2.4 million people, or roughly 7%, amidst the Black population were strange built-in.

Chart showing that the U.S. Black population has grown by 29% since 2000

In 2019, the unmarried-race non-Hispanic Black population was the largest demographic subgroup of U.S. Black people, numbering 41 million – fully 87% of the total Black population. This marks an increment of 21% over 2000, when the population was roughly 33.7 million.

More than 4 million members of this population were born outside of the U.Due south., significant ten% of single-race Black people are strange born. This is an increase over 2000, when i.nine million (roughly 6%) among the single-race, not-Hispanic Black population were foreign born.

Chart showing that the single-race Black population has grown by 21% since 2000

Identifying as multiracial

It's important to mention that there has been a growth in the share of people in the United States – not just Black Americans – who identify every bit multiracial in recent years. Part of this is due to expansions in how the Census Bureau asks about ethnic and racial identity. Starting in 2000, the bureau has provided respondents with the option to identify every bit more one race. Besides that, younger multiracial people are more than likely to place with multiple racial or indigenous identities, on forms or otherwise.

In improver, there are people with multiple racial identities in their family history who practise not describe themselves as multiracial. This suggests that there is probable a discrepancy between the number of multiracial Black people in the U.S., as discovered through demographic data analysis, and the number of multiracial Black people who identify themselves in this way.

The multiracial non-Hispanic Black population is the 2d-largest subgroup included in this analysis, with effectually 3.seven meg people or 8% of the overall Black population. It has grown from roughly 1.5 one thousand thousand in 2000 to iii.7 meg in 2019, mark a 144% increase.

Additionally, 130,000 members of this population were born outside of the country, meaning that iv% of the multiracial Black population is strange born. This is an increase from 2000, when 250,000 people, or roughly 16%, among the multiracial non-Hispanic Blackness population were foreign born.

Chart showing that the multiracial Black population has grown by 144% since 2000

There were roughly 2.iv million Black Hispanic people in the U.Due south. in 2019, which was 5% of the total Black population that year, making this subgroup the smallest population group included in this analysis. This population has grown from roughly ane million in 2000 to 2.iv 1000000 in 2019, marker a 145% increase.

Additionally, roughly 460,000 members of this population were born outside of the country, meaning that almost i-in-v Black Hispanics (19%) are foreign born. This is an increase from 2000, when roughly 260,000 people, or near 27%, amid the Black Hispanic population were foreign built-in.

Chart showing that the Black Hispanic population has grown by 145% since 2000

Age structure

The U.Southward. Black population is young and growing. The median age of Blackness people in 2019 was 32, six years younger than the U.S. population'due south median historic period of 38. Roughly xxx% of the entire Black population was beneath the age of 20 and 11% were 65 or older.

Chart showing U.S. Black population age pyramid

Over a 3rd of the U.Southward. Black population (35%) was 22 years or younger in 2019. An additional 23% were Millennials, meaning roughly 58% of all Blackness Americans were age 38 or younger in 2019.

Chart showing over a third of the U.S. Black population is 22 or younger

Fertility in the past year

The general fertility charge per unit amid Black women ages xv to 44 is 5.9%.

The single-race Black population is young and growing. The median age of unmarried-race Black people in 2019 was 35, three years younger than the total U.S. population's median age of 38. Roughly 27% of the single-race Blackness population were beneath the age of 20, and 12% were 65 or older.

Chart showing the single-race Black age pyramid

Roughly a 3rd (32%) of the single-race Black population in the U.Southward. were either members of Gen Z or age vi or younger, meaning they were 22 or younger in 2019. An additional 24% were Millennials, meaning 56% of unmarried-race Blackness people were historic period 38 or younger in 2019.

Chart showing roughly a third of the single-race U.S. Black population is 22 or younger

Fertility in the past year

The fertility rate among single-race Black women in the U.S. ages 15 to 44 was six.0% in 2019.

The multiracial population pyramid shows that this population is young and growing. The median age of multiracial Black people in 2019 was 16, making this the youngest subgroup of the Black population and significantly younger than the U.South. population (which had a median historic period of 38). Over half (57%) of the multiracial Black population was below the age of 20 in 2019, and three% were 65 or older.

Chart showing multiracial Black age pyramid

In 2019, the majority (63%) of multiracial Blackness people in the U.S. were members of Gen Z or nether the age of 7, meaning they were 22 years erstwhile or younger.

Chart showing over half of the U.S. multiracial Black population is 22 or younger

Fertility in the past year

The fertility rate among multiracial Black women in the U.S. ages 15 to 44 is v.v%.

The total Black Hispanic population is immature and growing. The median age of this population group in 2019 was 22, making Black Hispanics the second-youngest group included in this analysis, and notably younger than the U.S. population, which had a median age of 38.

Roughly 45% of the Black Hispanic population was below the historic period of twenty, and 5% were 65 or older.

Chart showing the Black Hispanic age pyramid

In 2019, 51% of the Black Hispanic population in the U.S. were members of Gen Z or nether the age of 7. An additional 24% were Millennials, meaning 75% of the Black Hispanic population was 38 years of age or younger that year.

Chart showing that roughly half of the U.S. Black Hispanic population is 22 or younger

Fertility in the past year

The fertility rate among Black Hispanic women in the U.South. ages 15 to 44 is 5.2%.

Languages

The vast majority of the Black population as of 2019 speaks English language very well or only speaks English language at home (96%), while almost nine-in-ten (89%) speak only English language at domicile. Too English, other languages spoken by the Black population ages five and older include Spanish (3%), French or Haitian Creole (two%) and Amharic and other Ethiopian languages (1%).

The vast majority of the single-race Black population speaks English very well or merely speaks English (97%), while about ix-in-ten (91%) speak only English at home as of 2019. Also English language, other commonly spoken languages past this office of the population ages 5 and older include French or Haitian Creole (2%), Spanish (1%) and Amharic and other Ethiopian languages (1%).

The vast majority of the multiracial Black population speaks English very well or only speaks English at dwelling (99%), while near nine-in-ten (94%) speak only English language at home as of 2019. Spanish is spoken by ii% of the multiracial Black population in the United States.

A substantial majority of the multiracial Blackness population speaks English very well or but speaks English at home (82%), while nearly half (48%) speak simply English at abode as of 2019. As well English, roughly half (51%) of this population speaks Spanish.

Geography

Regionally, the highest concentration of Black people in the U.South. in 2019 is in the South. More than than one-half (56%) live there, while 17% live in the Midwest, 17% alive in the Northeast and x% live in the Westward.

When it comes to states of residence, Texas is home to the largest Black population, at about three.9 one thousand thousand. Florida comes in a close second with 3.8 million, and Georgia comes in third, with 3.half-dozen million.

Map showing that the majority of the U.S. Black population lives in the South

The most populous metropolitan surface area of residence for all Black people in 2019 is New York Metropolis, with 3.eight meg. In a afar second is Atlanta, with 2.2 million, and and so the Washington, D.C., area, with ane.7 million Black residents.

Table showing the New York City metropolitan area has the largest Black population

The South is the region with the highest concentration of the unmarried-race U.South. Black population in 2019, with a roughly six-in-10 majority (59%) of the total. The Northeast is home to fifteen%, another 17% alive in the Midwest and ix% live in the West.

Texas is domicile to the largest number of Black people of any country, with around 3.iv 1000000 single-race Black people. Georgia and Florida are home to the adjacent largest populations of this population, with roughly iii.3 million single-race Black people each.

Map showing that the majority of the single-race Black population lives in the South

Additionally, these three states are home to some of the urban areas with the highest shares of single-race Black people. New York City is the metropolitan area with the largest share of the nation's single-race Black population, with roughly 3.one million. Other summit metropolitan areas include Atlanta, Washington, D.C., Chicago and Philadelphia.

Table showing that the New York City metropolitan area has the largest single-race Black population

Regionally, the Due south is abode to the highest concentration of the multiracial population in the U.S., with a plurality (40%) of the full as of 2019. Roughly a quarter (24%) live in the Midwest, one-in-v live in the West and 16% live in the Northeast.

California is the superlative state of residence for multiracial Black people, with over 350,000. Texas is home to roughly 250,000 multiracial Black people, while Florida has roughly 240,000.

Map showing that four-in-ten multiracial Black people live in the South

New York City is the metropolitan area with the highest number of multiracial Black residents and is domicile to roughly 160,000 members. Other summit metropolitan areas for this subgroup include Washington D.C., Los Angeles and Philadelphia.

Table showing the New York City metropolitan area has the largest multiracial Black population

Regionally, Black Hispanic people are largely full-bodied in the Northeast and South (72% in total). Fewer than i-in-five live in the W (17%), and 0ne-in-x alive in the Midwest (ten%) as of 2019. New York is the pinnacle land of residence for the Black Hispanic population, with roughly 450,000 people. Florida is dwelling house to the second-highest number of this population, with 260,000, and California comes in third with 240,000.

Map showing that over two-thirds of Black Hispanics live in the Northeast and South

New York City is the metropolitan area with the largest share of the Blackness Hispanic population and is dwelling to roughly 510,000. Other top metropolitan areas include Miami (100,000), Boston (100,000) and Los Angeles (70,000).

Table showing that the New York City metropolitan area has the largest Black Hispanic population

Household income

The median household income for Black households in 2019 is $44,000, which means half of households headed by a Black person earn more than that and half earn less.

Broader analysis shows that more than than one-half (54%) of Black households earn less than $50,000, while 46% make $50,000 or more. Most three-in-ten (28%) make $75,000 or more, including 18% that make $100,000 or more.

Chart showing that nearly half of Black households in U.S. earned $50,000 or more in 2019

The median household income for single-race Black households in 2019 is $43,200, meaning one-half of households headed by a single-race Black person earn more than that and half earn less.

More half of these households (55%) earn less than $l,000, with the other 44% making $fifty,000 or more. Inside the group of households with incomes over that sum, more than a quarter (27%) make $75,000 or more than, including 17% that make $100,000 or more.

Chart showing that roughly a quarter of single-race Black households earned $75,000 or more in 2019

The median household income for multiracial Black households is $52,000, meaning half of Black households earn more than that and half earn less than that sum every bit of 2019. Looking at income another way, almost half of households with a multiracial Black householder (47%) make less than $fifty,000, and 52% brand that sum or more. Over a 3rd (35%) make $75,000 or more, including virtually a quarter (24%) that make $100,000 or more.

Chart showing that roughly a third of multiracial Black households earned $75,000 or more in 2019

The median household income for Black Hispanic households is $48,900, significant half of households with a Black Hispanic householder earn more than that and half earn less in 2019.

Farther analysis shows that one-half of Black Hispanic households earn less than $50,000, while 49% make over $l,000. Roughly 1-in-three of these households (32%) earn $75,000 or more than, including xx% that make $100,000 or more.

Chart showing less than a quarter of Black Hispanic househodls earned $75,000 or more in 2019

Household type

More than than a third (38%) of households that Black people live in are headed past married couples every bit of 2019. Roughly three-in-ten Black people (32%) live in households whose household head is female, and 6% live in male-headed households. Fewer than a quarter (24%) are part of non-family unit households.

Chart showing more than a third of Black people live in households headed by married couples

More than a third (37%) of single-race Black people alive in households that are headed past married couples as of 2019. Roughly iii-in-x single-race Black people (33%) live in households with female heads of household, and 6% live in male-headed households. Fewer than a quarter (24%) alive in non-family unit households.

Chart showing that more than a third of single-race Black people live in households headed by married couples

More than 4-in-ten multiracial Black people (44%) alive in households that are headed by married couples as of 2019. Three-in-ten (30%) live in households whose head is female person, and five% live in male-headed households. Additionally, roughly i-in-five multiracial Black people (22%) alive in non-family households.

Chart showing more than four-in-ten multiracial Black people live in households headed by married couples

Roughly iv-in-ten Black Hispanic people (42%) live in households headed by married couples in 2019. Three-in-ten Black Hispanic people (thirty%) lived in female-headed households and 5% lived in households headed by male person householders. Roughly 1-in-five Black Hispanic people lived in non-family households.

Chart showing that roughly four-in-ten Black Hispanic people live in households headed by married couples

Educational attainment

When it comes to educational attainment, almost a quarter (23%) of all Black adults ages 25 and older have a bachelor's caste or more than. A 3rd (33%) take completed some college every bit of 2019, and more than than four-in-ten (44%) accept, at virtually, graduated from high school (or earned an equivalent such as a GED certificate).

Chart showing roughly a quarter of Black adults have a bachelor's degree or higher

When it comes to educational attainment, roughly a quarter (23%) of unmarried-race Black adults ages 25 and older take earned a bachelor's caste or college as of 2019. A tertiary (33%) have completed some college and 45% have, at nearly, graduated from high school or equivalent.

Chart showing that about a quarter of single-race Black adults have a bachelor's degree or higher

When it comes to educational attainment, near a third (32%) of multiracial Black adults ages 25 and older accept earned a bachelor's degree or higher as of 2019. About four-in-ten (38%) accept completed some college and 30% have, at most, graduated from high school or its equivalent.

Chart showing that almost a third of multiracial Black adults have a bachelor's degree or higher

When information technology comes to educational attainment, virtually a quarter (23%) of Black Hispanic adults ages 25 and older accept earned a bachelor's degree or higher as of 2019. Roughly a third (32%) have completed some higher, and 45% have, at most, graduated from high school or equivalent.

Chart showing almost a quarter of Black Hispanic adults have a bachelor's degree or higher

Religious amalgamation

Two-thirds (66%) of all Blackness adults identify as Protestant. Roughly one-in-v (21%) are unaffiliated with any item religion, while smaller shares of adults identify as Catholic (6%), other Christian denominations (3%) or non-Christian faiths (3%).

For more than, read " Organized religion Among Black Americans "

Chart showing that majority of Black adults identify as Protestant

A majority (69%) of single-race Black adults identify equally Protestant. Roughly one-in-five (19%) are unaffiliated with whatever religion, while smaller shares of adults identify every bit Cosmic (5%), other Christian denominations (iii%) or non-Christian faiths (three%).

For more than, read " Faith Among Blackness Americans "

Chart showing majority of single-race Black adults identify as Protestant

Similar shares of multiracial Black adults place as Protestant (41%) or as religiously unaffiliated (38%). Smaller shares of adults within this population subgroup place as Catholic (xi%), other Christian denominations (4%) or non-Christian faiths (six%).

For more, read " Faith Among Black Americans "

Chart showing the majority of Black Hispanic adults identify as Protestant or Catholic

Virtually vi-in-ten Black Hispanic adults (59%) place every bit either Protestant (35%) or Catholic (24%). A tertiary identify equally unaffiliated (33%), while smaller shares identify every bit other Christian denominations (two%) or follow non-Christian faiths (half dozen%).

For more, read " Religion Amongst Black Americans "

Chart showing that most multiracial Black adults identify as Protestant or as religiously unaffiliated